Definition of Gothic Literature

Meaning of Gothic Literature In the most broad terms, ​Gothic writing can be characterized as composing that utilizes dim and pleasant view, surprising and exaggerated story gadgets, and a general climate of exoticism, puzzle, dread, and fear. Frequently, a Gothic epic or story will rotate around a huge, old house that disguises an awful mystery or that fills in as the asylum of a particularly alarming and compromising character. In spite of the genuinely normal utilization of this dreary theme, Gothic journalists have likewise utilized otherworldly components, contacts of sentiment, notable recorded characters, and travel and experience accounts to engage their perusers. The sort is a subgenre of Romantic writing that is Romantic the period, not romance books with short of breath darlings with wind-cleared hair on their soft cover spreads and much fiction today comes from it. Improvement of the Genre Gothic writing created during the Romantic time frame in Britain; the main notice of Gothic, as relating to writing, was in the caption of Horace Walpoles 1765 story The Castle of Otranto: A Gothic Story which, the British Library says, was implied by the writer as an unpretentious joke. At the point when he utilized the word it implied something like ‘barbarous,’ just as ‘deriving from the Middle Ages.’ In the book, its indicated that the story was an antiquated one, at that point as of late found. Be that as it may, that is simply part of the story. The otherworldly components in the story, however, propelled a totally different classification, which took off in Europe. At that point Americas Edgar Allen Poe got a grip of it in the mid-1800s and succeeded like nobody else. In Gothic writing, he found a spot to investigate mental injury, the shades of malice of man, and psychological instability. Any cutting edge zombie story, criminologist story, or Stephen King tale owes an obligation to Poe. There may have been effective Gothic authors when him, yet nobody idealized the class very like Poe. Significant Gothic Writers A couple of the most persuasive and famous eighteenth century Gothic scholars were Horace Walpole (The Castle of Otranto, 1765), Ann Radcliffe (Mysteries of Udolpho, 1794), Matthew Lewis (The Monk,â 1796), and Charles Brockden Brown (Wieland, 1798). The class kept on directing a huge readership well into the nineteenth century, first as Romantic writers, for example, Sir Walter Scott (â€Å"The Tapestried Chamber, 1829) received Gothic shows, afterward as Victorian essayists, for example, Robert Louis Stevenson (The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, 1886) and Bram Stoker (Dracula, 1897) joined Gothic themes in their accounts of awfulness and anticipation. Components of Gothic fiction are common in a few of the recognized works of art of nineteenth century writing, including Mary Shelleys Frankenstein (1818), Nathaniel Hawthornes The House of the Seven Gables (1851), Charlotte Brontã «s Jane Eyre (1847), Victor Hugos The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1831 in French), and a large number of the stories composed by Edgar Allan Poe (â€Å"The Murders in the Rue Morgue,† 1841; The Tell-Tale Heart, 1843). Likenesses With Gothic Architectureâ There are significant, however not generally reliable, associations between Gothic writing and Gothic engineering. Gothic structures, with their plenteous carvings, hole, and shadows, can invoke an air of riddle and obscurity and regularly filled in as proper settings in Gothic writing for the state of mind evoked there. Gothic essayists would in general develop those enthusiastic impacts in their works, and a portion of the writers even fiddled with engineering. Horace Walpole additionally structured an offbeat, mansion like Gothic living arrangement called Strawberry Hill. Impact on Todays Fiction Today, Gothic writing has been supplanted by apparition and repulsiveness stories, criminologist fiction, tension and spine chiller books, and other contemporary structures that stress riddle, stun, and sensation. While every one of these sorts is (in any event freely) obliged to Gothic fiction, the Gothic classification was likewise appropriated and improved by authors and artists who, all in all, can't be carefully named Gothic scholars. In the novel Northanger Abbey, Jane Austen tenderly displayed the misguided judgments and adolescent natures that could be created by misreading Gothic writing. In exploratory stories such The Sound and the Fury and Absalom, Absalom! William Faulkner transplanted Gothic distractions compromising houses, off the record pieces of information, destined sentiment to the American South. What's more, in his multigenerational annal One Hundred Years of Solitude, Gabriel Garcã ­a Mrquez builds a brutal, fanciful story around a family house that takes on its very own dim existence.

Quantitative Business Methods Forecasting Models

Question: Portray about the Quantitative Business Methods for Forecasting Models. Answer: Section (a) The determining models present , helps in dissecting the future patterns in which a specific division may demonstrate the pattern of its future possibility to be followed (Anderson, et al., 2013). For encircling the effective determining strategy for the media communications contraption and PC division , the model that ought to be utilized so as to accomplish a productive figure, is the moving normal technique. Moving Average Method as expressed by Ali, et al., (2015), in light of a given arrangement and number arrangements of a past information extricated from the companys wellspring of information gave, moving normal can be directed. This is a factual device that examinations the normal information dependent on the interims. On playing out the predefined equation, the example of the past pattern and occasions of an association can be accomplished. This past pattern or example, is useful in deciding the future possibilities of the association. It is expected that a companys future patterns follows the past patterns that has been followed. Henceforth, with the utilization of moving normal techniques, we can determine gauge for the media transmission mechanical assembly and PC segment, that would show how the future pattern and example of the business would be in the year 2017. Part (b) Moving normal is determined dependent on the source got from the information accommodated the retail deals list of the broadcast communications mechanical assembly and PC area. As expressed by Guo, et al., (2013), retail deals list examinations the transient patterns and changes that has happened in the utilization structure of a specific market separate division. In this examination , the retail deals list of the media transmission and the PC area has been dissected for from January , 2013 to June , 2016. The retail deals record of these years with the base list of the year 2014, appears, how the progressions has been found in the utilization example of the individuals for the alluded part. So as to figure the future pattern of utilization made regarding the media transmission mechanical assembly and PC segment, the factual investigation of moving normal has been resolved , with the interim of a half year. The moving normal outcomes have helped us to investigate the present pattern that has tricked in the retail deals file of the business for as far back as 4 years. As indicated by Huarng, Yu, (2014), Moving Average (Ft) = (aggregate of real qualities in past n periods)/n = (Y t-1 + Y t-2 + ..... + Y t-n)/n Figure 1 shows the moving normal outcomes that has been determined by directing the procedure. Figure 1 : Trend Of The Moving Average (Source : As Created By The Author) In figure 2, the first retail deals record and the moving normal list with the interim of a half year has been broke down ,where we perceive how these two line are plotted against a similar timeframe. The blue line demonstrates the first retail deals record of the media transmission mechanical assembly and the PC segment, while, the red lines shows the moving normal at an interim of a half year. A purple dabbed line has been utilized to show the pattern in which these two lines move. This aides in anticipating the future pattern of utilization conjecture in the media transmission and the PC part. Figure 2 : Retail Sales Index, Moving Average And Forecast For Telecommunication Apparatus And Computer Sector (Source : As Created By The Author) Part (c) With the assistance of figure 2, it tends to be seen that a descending slanting pattern line in accomplished with the assistance of the estimating model , moving normal utilized. This pattern line demonstrates that there is most presumably a fall later on retail deals record, which shows that nearly to the base year 2014, there would be a fall in utilization example of the media communications contraption and the PC division in the year 2017. With the assistance of this example, the administration gathering of this industry has been equipped for accomplishing a striking perspective on the future projection way. Henceforth, so as to patch the example, the administration gathering of the organization must raise their mechanical instruments to be actualized in the creation procedure, raise the network and utilize proficient financially savvy strategies for creation so as to bring down their expense of creation (Li, et al., 2013). Minimal effort of creation would empower the individuals to offer the support to the clients at much lower rate. Henceforth, this would influence the interest of the segment emphatically. A positive raise in the deals of the area would help in achieving an example unique in relation to the pattern line. Accomplishing an unexpected development of the media transmission segment is absurd, yet with the execution of strategical plans , this could be accomplished inside a range of two years. Reference Ali, A., Wang, Y., Li, W., He, X. (2015, December). Usage of basic moving voltage normal procedure with direct control gradual conductance strategy to streamline the effectiveness of DC microgrid. InEmerging Technologies (ICET), 2015 International Conference on(pp. 1-5). IEEE. Anderson, E., Malin, B. A., Nakamura, E., Simester, D., Steinsson, J. (2013).Informational rigidities and the tenacity of transitory sales(No. w19350). National Bureau of Economic Research. Guo, Z. X., Wong, W. K., Li, M. (2013). A multivariate shrewd dynamic model for retail deals forecasting.Decision Support Systems,55(1), 247-255. Huarng, K. H., Yu, T. H. K. (2014). Another quantile relapse estimating model.Journal of Business Research,67(5), 779-784. Li, H. Z., Guo, S., Li, C. J., Sun, J. Q. (2013). A half breed yearly force load estimating model dependent on summed up relapse neural system with natural product fly advancement algorithm.Knowledge-Based Systems,37, 378-387.

Authentic People

Authentic People Think of a person you respect for his or her honesty, for his or her openness, for his or her integrity. You know a few people like this, right? Pick one, and think about that person  for a moment. This person feels real to you. Genuine. Authentic. Its refreshing to be around this person, to get to know this person, to interact with him or her. We feel safe around authentic people, as if we could reveal to them our deepest darkest secrets, as if we could trust them with anything. And when we get to know these people on a deeper levelâ€"when we establish a connection with themâ€"its refreshing to find out that they are who we thought they were all along, that beneath the surface they are authentically themselves. Authentic people have no agenda, and yet they have aspirations. Authentic people are trustworthy, and yet sometimes they fall short. Authentic people are awesome, and yet sometimes they are superficial. Authentic people care enough to listen, and yet sometimes they dont hear everything thats said. Authentic people can weather the storm, and yet they get wet in doing so. Authentic people are passionate, content, carefree, calm, kind, and helpfulâ€"and yet authentic people are still people, they are human beings, and thus they worry, possess doubt, and make mistakes and bad decisions. Authentic people are fallible, just like me and you. Authentic people are flawed, just like me and you. Authentic people are fearful, just like me and you. Authentic people are tempted by lust and greedâ€"by all the trappings of this worldâ€"just like me and you. None of us are perfect, but we all have the capacity to be authentic, to remove the pretense and the facade from our repertoire and just be ourselves, to be authentically me and you. If you find value in The Minimalists, consider donating a dollar.

Essay on Mass Media on Violence - 1502 Words

Our digital-minded world has brought about much change and advancement to our daily lives. There are better, newer video games, televisions, and gaming systems on the market each year. As is such, a concern has been raised within our society as to these games and programs becoming increasingly violent and whether this will lead to heightened violence and aggression by those exposed to such material. Others claim that society has been viewing violent images for decades without problems and that giving individuals the excuse that one could be brainwashed into committing a crime by mass media leaves the door wide open for crimes without fear of consequence. This hotly debated topic has been the muse for much research and study over the†¦show more content†¦would have a much higher associated homicide rate than foreign fights however the opposite was actually the case (Phillips, 1983). While it is impossible to claim that the viewing of mass media in the form of heavyweight boxing gives rise to increased aggression, it is plausible to claim that there is a strong pattern between the two occurrences that, according to this research, has few other explanations (Phillips, 1983). In agreement with the first study, a study by Boxer and colleagues focused on mass media’s effect on those already at risk for violence and anti-social behavior: high school students and juvenile delinquents (Boxer, Huesmann, Bushman, O’Brien, Moceri, 2009). The research team sought to determine whether an increased number of risk factors would correlate with an increase in violent and anti-social behavior. Participants were asked to report their digital media habits throughout their childhood; which were ranked an a 5 point scale according to amount of visible violence; and they were also asked to provide researchers with information and complete surveys on potential risk factors (Boxer, Huesmann, Bushman, O’Brien, Moceri, 2009). The researchers identif ied a risk factor as any characteristic or event that would leave an individual more prone to an act of aggression such as an abusive parent or poor schoolShow MoreRelatedViolence in Mass Media594 Words   |  2 PagesViolence in Mass Media Violence is everywhere and in everything from what we see to what we hear. Today’s society has become acquainted with the violence in video games, tv shows, movies, and music since it is everywhere but many have become too attached to this violence and brought it to real life. Many assume that getting rid of this violence is essential to a more passive and peaceful society but there are more benefits to the portail of violence that society sees today. One of the key itemsRead MoreMass Media and Violence Essay891 Words   |  4 PagesMass Media and Violence Is it hard to believe that just forty years ago only a few privileged American families had televisions in their home? In recent years, it is estimated that a whopping ninety-eight percent of Americans have one or more television sets in their home. Motion pictures, televisions, video games, and the internet are just some forms of mass media that have emerged since the last century. With the rise of mass media, the increase of violent behavior has increased as well. MassRead MoreYouth Violence and the Mass Media Essay2083 Words   |  9 Pagesthrough violence in the mass media, specifically television and video games. I am interested in studying it because as violence on television and the violent content contained in video games has increased, so has youth violence. I want to find if the increasing violence shown on television and video games has a desensitizing effect on Americas youth, thus, increasing the probability that they will commit an act of violence. I believe that this research is important because I think violence on televisionRead MoreMass Media and Violence ´s Effect on Teenagers1252 Words   |  5 Pagescourage about what he could do that day.† Violence in the media is a key issue in today’s society, a survey conducted on Sunday the 16th of Feb over social media by myself found that 91% of the surveyed 51 people do own some sort of gaming console and that 100% of them have a television. Violent games are usually the best selling and almost all games and movies have some element of violence in them. Whilst it isn’t popular culture to be violent, violence is certainly a by-product of popular gamesRead MoreThe Real-World Effects of Virtual Violence: Perspectives on Video Games and Mass Media1507 Words   |  7 Pagesthe long-term effects that will be felt in the future. Since the first child picked up a stick to use it as a sword, violence has become more and more prevalent in culture. As children grew up, make-believe violence of the kind that they practiced grew up as well. Eventually toy guns were the new violent toy, and so on. In the last few 20 years, however, a new form of violence in â€Å"play† is becoming a more popular pastime than ever before. In the early 1970’s the first games like Pong, ComputerRead MoreMedia Violence And Its Effect On Society1184 Words   |  5 Pagesexamine the negative effects of media violence. There is a debate on whether negative effects directly derive from media violence. Because media violence has been proven to have a negative effect on society, this essay will argue that there needs to be more censorship on media violence. I will first examine the influence media violence has on mass shootings. Next I will discuss a study relating to dating violence, certain movies and shows encourage dating violence. In conclusion, I will suggest thatRead MoreMass Media And Its Effect On Our Lives1286 Words   |  6 Pagessays, â€Å"Decades of study of media influence have shown one thing: the public’s awareness of and interest in a topic is directly related to the amount of attention that topic receives in the media. In other words, the mass media affect what subjects people think about. H owever, it has not been shown that the media influence just how people think about these topics† (Mass Media). Have you ever wondered how much mass media can affect your life without knowing it? Mass media are not only important becauseRead MoreMass Media And Its Effect On Society852 Words   |  4 PagesPeople are being depression and reflecting action in real life due to effective of mass media. Media has a power that can everyone has the same right and opportunity to access the information and enjoy their life. Teenagers are the most effective group of people because they can access and explode new technologies, creatives, curious, and proactive. Therefore, they are putting themselves in danger by performing challenge pictures or extreme dangerous things to be famous. People always attractiveRead MoreMass Shooting Essay980 Words   |  4 Pagesover 1,500 ‘mass shootings’ within the United States since the Sandy Hook school shooting in Newtown, CT (Schapiro, 2017). Media headlines on mass shootings tend to utilise higher numbers when it comes to how many are committed each year, mainly when it is about those committed in the United States. The lack of an official government standard on what should be considered a mass shooting has led to much confusion as to just how many there actually are. This paper will look at how the media uses thisRead MoreThe Influences Of Mass Media On Society864 Words   |  4 PagesThe Influences of Mass Media on Society For the greater majority of the American society, the presence of mass media is a normal part of everyday lives. With the purpose of mass media being to educate, entertain and inform, the excessive violence, self imaging, and lack of full detail on world events, is having negative influences and unhealthy impacts on society. As early as the 1920s, a form of the media has been present in the American society. Although broadcasted content was

Public Safety And Foster Positive Youth - 1454 Words

INTRODUCTION In today’s society, the purpose of the juvenile justice system is to â€Å"attend to public safety and foster positive youth outcomes that are fair and equitable† (Juvenile Justice System, 2015). With that being said, as a group, we believe there can be necessary changes that can improve the system. We believe in the same approach of the juvenile justice system. The changes we would like to make are minor but are more effective for our youth. Our system is called From Flaws to Perfection because most youths have small flaws that can easily be fixed with the right help from the justice system. Our system started back in August 2013 but will not be available to our youth and parents until January 2016. We will introduce how our†¦show more content†¦To be qualified for employment in our system you have to at least a Bachelors degree with the corresponding job that you would like to apply. The flow chart of authority starts from dean, supervisor, manag er, and counselor. They are other positions available as well. The equipment and other miscellaneous things have been donated from companies all around our community, so we have been able to stay within our budget and open up other locations. FLAWS The purpose of writing this paper is to inform readers on juvenile delinquents and their abilities to make good decisions. Currently the age to sentence a minor to adult prison is 18 years of age. The current age to purchase alcohol is 21, The idea that a man turns into a full grown-up at age 21 goes back hundreds of years in English regular law; 21 was the age at which a man could, in addition to other things, vote and turn into a knight. Since a man was an official grown-up at age 21, it appeared well that they could drink then, as well. As stated earlier a man was considered an adult at age 21, so when we look at the juvenile justice system a juvenile is anyone under the age of 18. Under most laws, young people are recognized as adults at age 18. However, emerging science about brain development suggests that most people do not reach full maturity until the age 21. Why charge a minor as an adult at the age of 18 when they

Leaders born or made Free Essays

string(82) " not be on teaching leadership, instead getting participants to learn leadership\." There has always been a difference opinion on whether leaders are made or born. At numerous times people have been heard to exclaim about someone that he or she is a person that is born to lead. People have tendency to believe that good and effective leaders are people who are naturally bestowed with excellent communication skills, persuasive ability, and born with knack to integrate them in any team structure. We will write a custom essay sample on Leaders: born or made or any similar topic only for you Order Now Further, there are also firm opinions that it is not possible for every one to naturally acquire the skills of seamlessly inspiring a group of people, set sufficient challenges, and make every one of the group to accept those challenges and strive together to achieve them. However, years of academic research among leaders from social, business and corporate world and political domain have brought out results that stand contrary to popular perception of leaders and their ‘innate qualities and abilities’ of leading people and show that effective leadership is an art that can be very much learned and practiced to perfection by anyone who devotes sufficient time and attention to it.   This paper takes the point of view that leadership is a quality that can be learned by anyone with ordinary levels of intelligence and smartness and looks into the range of skills, requirements and capabilities needed by a person to develop leadership qualities. Leadership: Definition Leadership is the attribute of inspiring people to channel their efforts towards achieving common goals and objectives (Rosenbach and Taylor, 1998, 1). Leadership is the recognition that attainment of the group objectives and goals can be accomplished through empowering individuals and encouraging them to overcome their rank and position in order to associate themselves and their colleagues with specific works, duties and responsibilities by setting directions, building commitment and taking challenges (Day and Halpin, 2004, 3). An important attribute of a leader is his ability to command implicit faith, confidence, and respect of his followers, irrespective of his position and power in the organization.. A leader motivates the employees by setting personal examples, and takes decisions that are quite unconventional, innovative and on the spot to resolve a deadlock. However, the most important quality of a leader is that he/she encourages leadership qualities their followers and help to create a multi-tier leader structure within the organization/group. Organizational leadership: Roles and necessities As the corporate world becomes increasingly competitive and diversified, organizational focus has shifted on developing leadership talents among the employees to maintain their competitive edge.   Transnational companies, with their multi-level reporting structure, multiple communication networks, numerous levels of responsibilities and faced with significant differences in time, language and organizational culture are faced with the responsibility of leadership development among their employees to meet customers’ demands within the limited time and resources (Collins, 2001).   Organizations are managed by several forms of leadership based on the exertion of authority within the organization. Two main, but interconnected types of leadership in organizations are the transformational leadership and the transactional leadership, both having strong philosophical and ethical foundations. Transformational leadership gives followers the opportunity to assess the leader’s view, to seek explanations and provide solutions, while transactional leadership is more based on imposition, where followers are driven by the praise, promise or reward of the leader. In the transactional leadership, the followers are confronted by reproof, threats and disciplinary actions. Transformational leadership has become more popular in the last three decades primarily due to the changing global economy. Transformational leadership promotes equality, justice and human rights through loyalty and fairness. Recent findings suggest that team performance and communication are improved under transformational leadership. Authentic transformational leaders are sometimes transactional too. The leader may present his opinion, plans and exhort agreement on them, which however may be in the mutual interest of all involved. I consider myself as a typical transformational leader open to criticism and discussion, unafraid of my decisions being questioned. After all only collective thinking and cooperation can bring results. Today the business world realizes that leadership is neither hierarchal nor stratified nor leadership is management. Instead leadership is about inspiring people to pool themselves together towards achieving common goals and objectives (Rosenbach and Taylor, 1998, 1. Leadership is about building commitment and taking challenges by timely distribution of specific works, duties and responsibilities and through setting directions (Day and Halpin, 2004, 3). Its not surprising then that companies are ready to invest hugely in leadership development program, as a guaranteed way to emerge ahead than their competitors. Developing Leadership Qualities There are abundant examples from almost every quarter of business and public domains to show that with well help   designed training programs and experience even otherwise ordinary individuals can emerge as successful leaders in their own spheres. Leadership development process works on two levels. It is suggested coaching and mentoring involves practical and goal focused methods of individual and group learning and behavioral change. For obtaining most effective results and developing specific leadership skills coaching allows individuals to collaborate in methodologically assessing, understanding and solving the issue before them. It leads them to challenge the existing solution models and explore further possibilities through joint effort and accountability. Mentoring is an essential part of educational program, involves commitment and long term relationship between a senior employee and a junior employee where the latter helps in professional and personal development of the for mer. The second level of leadership development is action learning that requires participants to tackle   real life and real time organizational problems (ibid). Through a careful selection of objectives and problems, participants are trained on delivering organizational results, communication learning and management and develop general leadership qualities. It benefits participants greatly as it provides them crucial exposure and considerable experience within a short time. Along with these, modern organizations have also adopted the technique of job rotation, so that individuals have widest possible exposure and experience of company’s functional and organizational processes. It is vital to remember that the focus should not be on teaching leadership, instead getting participants to learn leadership. You read "Leaders: born or made" in category "Essay examples" Every person has a potential to emerge in a leader by gaining   knowledge, purpose and experience and apply themselves more   effectively in their personal and professional domains Leadership is not a characteristic that can unfold in isolation. By its definition, it implies establishing coordination, cooperation, collaboration and orientation among the followers to achieve the designated objectives and goals. However, it is only possible when leaders can inspire their followers with respect, admiration, discipline, sense of emulation and confidence in the abilities of the leader while being helped to envision themselves as empowered individuals (Brown and Lord, 2004, 2).   Most relevant qualities of a leader Within every social, institutional or organizational structure, a leader is always looked upon the person with abilities to broach reconciliation and resolution in situation of conflict. A good leader exercises his control over most complex, demanding and otherwise impossible condition by exhibiting personal integrity, ethical and moral traits and values that other can relate to and get inspired to include them in their personal conduct (Laurie, 2000, 53). Another very crucial characteristics of leadership is that it produces new leaders from among the followers and hence, through a multiplier effect, results in empowerment of individuals and communities. Leadership helps the followers to discover and grow their internal abilities and encourage them to become an integral part of the process, not a mere tool. This causes a reinstating of self pride and confidence among followers and it earns leaders willing obedience of people who realize the integrity of the leader in creating a just, legitimate and encouraging environment where they see themselves as valued members and in turn lend their unconditional support to the joint cause under the leadership (Messick, 2005, 81) Arguably, there are no definite copybook rules to construct a leader. The difficulties, complexities, and challenges associated with a situation give impetus to leadership qualities in otherwise ordinary people who believe in themselves that they are capable of rising up to the difficulties as well as helping others out of it. Therefore although it might be difficult to ‘teach’ a person quality of good leader, yet one can expect to inculcate leadership qualities by observing styles and principles of successful leaders. It is said that a leader is a dealer in hope. Leadership is then about inspiration, motivation, encouragement and direction that pulls people to accomplishments that they would not had managed if left alone. However, effective leadership is a very challenging domain as it requires some impeccable personal and organizational traits that can be developed and realized through considerable experience, knowledge and self- discipline.   Quite often the leadership is situational and the leader is required to act purely through intuition and circumstantial requirements. However there are certain essential skills and characteristics that are rather mandatory for effective leadership are 1 Trustworthiness: Trustworthiness is about integrity in action. Effective leadership is about achieving coordination in words and actions and following the age old principles of truth, honesty and personal integrity. 2. Fairness: Leaders can’t afford to be biased or prejudiced or it would jeopardize the confidence of the followers in their secular character. 3. Communication and listening skill. Leadership requires excellent communication and listening skill through which the leaders can articulate their views unambiguously and also hear the views of others to give them sense of participation and involvement. 4. Initiative: Leadership is about taking initiative and orienting other people towards it. Taking initiative pulls the organization rapidly ahead. 5. Good judgment: Leaders must have the ability to process all information in the backdrop of their knowledge to make correct decisions 6. Motivational capacity: Leadership is ineffective if it cant motivate people to the dream and vision of the leader. It is the most desirous quality of a leader and one that is hallmark of leadership. Motivation has a large role to play in developing leadership. According to Isaac, Pitt and Zerbe (2001) individuals aspiring for leadership are greatly assisted a motivational model, called as expectancy theory, that suggests that self interest prompts individuals to charter a course where they tend to maximize the chances of success and growth. Thus self interest acts as a motivation that spurs people to take upon leadership roles and aspire to meet needs of followers along with requirements of the organization (ibid). Also, when leaders meet with followers, it generally results in entire work atmosphere getting highly motivated and people are spirited with aspiration to transcend their present roles and step in the role of leaders (ibid). Leadership is influenced by both extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation. In the former, motivational behavior is seen as product of external rewards and remunerations while the latter treat motivational behavior as result of internal drives such as enjoyment of work and inner sense of competence (Isaac, Pitt and Zerbe). In either case, individuals are motivated to assume leadership to maximize their self-interest. Leadership: Personal Attributes A good leader should be honest, loyal and committed to the goals of the organization he intends to lead. A good leader should not have a desire for wrongful gains or hidden agendas. This is why perhaps people emphasize on transparency in all dealings of any organization. Some leaders have a self plan and pursue them rather than acting in the interests of the organization. Committed to the cause of the organization or group and being live to the sacrifices and pains of your colleagues is a basic quality of a good leader. National leaders and particularly the freedom fighters of several nations had steadfast qualities and determination in them, which helped them carry on and ultimately succeed. A good leader is perhaps a good follower. There is never a stage in which one can have mastered everything and this applies even to leadership. Each day brings learning and experience of various types. A good leader is one who applies these learning and experience by identifying the most appropriate situation of their application.   perhaps the rights and wrongs of your own acts too. . A leader is accountable for his actions and should voluntarily open up to any questions or suspicions in his dealings. Similarly a good leader should also emphasize such qualities among his followers and make them accountable too. Simplicity is a mark of identity for any leader and projecting himself as a role model. A leader’s thoughts, actions and words should be a reflection of him, inspiring all who follow. A leader indeed should have uncommon qualities to successfully lead his organization. Conclusion Leadership is a quality that comes through effective utilization of experience, education, self-evaluation eagerness to learn and grow. None of these qualities require a transcendental genius or divine abilities to master. They are human attributes that are present among every one of us and given time, training and motivation to master them. The truth about leadership is that any person who has wholly ingrained the necessary leadership qualities as an integral part of their character would appear as one who is born with them. reference Collins DB, 2001, ‘Organizational Performance: The Future Focus of Leadership Development Programs’, Journal of Leadership Studies. Volume: 7. Issue: 4. Day DV and Halpin SM, 2004, Leader Development for Transforming Organizations: Growing Leaders for Tomorrow,   (edit) David V. Day, Stanley M. Halpin, Stephen J. Zaccaro, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,   Mahwah, NJ. Rosenbach WE and Taylor RL, 1998, Contemporary Issues in Leadership, (edit) William E. Rosenbach, Robert L. Taylor, Westview Press,Boulder, CO. Brown DJ, Lord, RG,   2004, Leadership Processes and Follower Self-Identity,   Lawrence Erlbaum Mahwah, NJ Champy J, Nohria N, 1999, The Arc of Ambition: Defining the Leadership Journey, Perseus Books (Current Publisher: Perseus PublishingCambridge, MA. Rosenbach WE and Taylor RL, 1998, Contemporary Issues in Leadership, (edit) William E. Rosenbach, Robert L. Taylor, Westview Press,Boulder, CO. How to cite Leaders: born or made, Essay examples

Juvenile Justice and status offence enforcement, sentencing and prosecution

Introduction Yearly, youths are arrested allegedly accused of committing status offences such as being incorrigible, truant, running away from home or involving themselves in underage drinking or drug abuse. More worse is that many of the juveniles involve themselves in violent criminal activities such as street gang, rape, robbery burglary and theft. They end up in the court systems where they face charges of their wrong doings.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Juvenile Justice and status offence: enforcement, sentencing and prosecution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are strong evidences showing that status offenders are at high risk of indulging into more serious criminal activities resulting into their arrest and charged in the criminal justice system. Researches also indicate that those who end up in criminal justice system face abuse and often neglected. However, the situation in the criminal jus tice system is different from juvenile justice system because often correctional measures are the main goal in the juvenile justice system. Within the criminal justice jurisdiction, juveniles are considered to be minors and cannot be held responsible for some of the crimes they do commit. Juvenile justice is primarily a matter of state and is separated from the normal criminal justice system for adults. Though many youths enter into the criminal status offence courts, a number of issues have been raised over the years. This paper will be looking into these issues beginning with the historical background, the current issues and the procedures involved in the status offence proceedings. Historical overview There has been a strong belief that juveniles should be treated differently than adults when convicted of an offence more so in the criminal justice system. This belief has been held over the centuries until in the nineteenth century when the distinction was made. Disagreements norm ally arise on the roles of juvenile courts in determining the type of punishments for the status offenders. Those who hold the divergent view argue that the authorization of the criminal justice for such offenders is unjustified since they are not aged enough for the punishments (Elrod and Ryder, 2011). On the contrary, there are those who hold that the court system established for the purposes of enhancing juvenile discipline is warranted. The argument is that such a system is essential in promoting security and safety within the society as well as towards the children. Despite the fact that differences exist between the juvenile and criminal court system procedures, there are established laws that ensure control over the proceedings of juvenile status offences as well as juvenile delinquents. These laws have been continuously improved over the years.Advertising Looking for term paper on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Current situation The increase in the number of serious juvenile criminal activities and status offences made thousands of youths transferred from juvenile justice system to adult’s courts every year. Though, in some states the transfer was automatic for some offences, different laws were applied for different cases. The variations in the applicability of these laws also existed in different states. The reassignment of the juveniles was at its peak in 1980s and 1990s. Most states distinguished juvenile crimes that were transferable and the status offences that were dealt with within the juvenile justice system. Elrod and Ryder (2011) assert that crimes such as murder, aggravated assault, rape, robbery were automatically transferable in most states. These laws are still held even today. However, juvenile conducts that was considered to constitute status offenses also varied with the states. Each state had its own methods of defining and dealing with the status offences . The common status offences include truancy, violation of state, city or county curfew, underage consumption or in possession of alcohol, underage possession or use of tobacco and other drugs, abandoning or running away from home and un-governability or being beyond the control of the parents (Moore, 2003). These juvenile offences are dealt with within the juvenile justice system and in most cases correctional measures are taken against such offences. Penalties for status offence Status offenders who end up in juvenile court may receive different kinds of penalties depending on which state the offenders come from. There are common penalties that are being impost in almost every state. Some of these include burning juvenile from driving, paying restitution or fine for the offences, assigning the juvenile a caretaker apart from the parent and sending the juvenile to after school educational programs or counseling sessions (Hess, 2009). In situations where juveniles cannot be controll ed, courts may require that the juveniles be detained in locked and secure facilities. In cases where parenting is the main cause of the juvenile delinquent behavior, parents may be required to attend parenting classes or counseling sessions together with the juvenile. The most controversial is the curfew violations. The main reason is because of the local establishment of the curfew laws, normally, within the counties or cities. Curfew laws are aimed at containing juvenile crimes and maintaining peace within the county or the city. According to Hess (2009), Curfew regulations are primarily instituted to forbid those under the age of eighteen from public places particularly during certain hours.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Juvenile Justice and status offence: enforcement, sentencing and prosecution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Dealing with curfew violations depends with the locality within which the se set of laws are being imposed. McCord et al. Crowell (2001) argue that the controversy centers a round the juvenile First Amendments that give minors the freedom of speech and association. Though few curfew laws have been held unconstitutional according to the first amendment, many have remained unchallenged in the court. In some authorities the curfew delinquents are not taken directly to the courts. In many occasions they are brought in a central place where they are picked by there parents or guardians. Often, it is within the discretion of law enforcers to pick the minors and take them home or to issue alerts. In case there is a violation of these measures the minors may be forced to face fines or enrolled in after school programs. Sometimes the minors are forced to take compulsory community service and only extreme cases where the minors may end up in juvenile courts. Parents who knowingly allow their children to violate the curfew laws are also subjected to fines (Moore, 20 03). There is strong evidence showing that truancy is the major status offence in the juvenile system. Furthermore, truancy and future delinquency are directly correlated with majority of the minors who are involved in the truancy cases end up in future serious delinquent behaviors. Therefore, truancy has been conceived as a serious status offence and tough measures have been put in many states to counter the offence. Truancy is a case where the minor have arbitrarily skipped school without a proper reason or without the knowledge of school administration or the parents. States and schools apply different methodologies in determining truancy in children. Most often, absenteeism for more than three days are considered as truancy. Schools have always been put in the forefront in dealing with truancy cases and sometimes given the powers to refer cases when they deem necessary to the juvenile court. Moreover, the police are legally allowed to detain truant children who are out of the sc hool compound. In cases where parents are found guilty of there children truancy, they are held accountable and fines are imposed on such kind of parents or at times jailed (McCord et al., 2001). Delinquency proceedings Variations in juvenile justice system exist among the states despite the fact that they have common features. Parents are often notified of their children delinquent behavior or of their status offences before they are taken into custody. Those minors who end up in custody are separated from adult offenders.Advertising Looking for term paper on criminal law? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Most of the states require that notification of the minor arrest be given to the parents, guardians or the caretaker of the minor before the minor is taken into custody. In most cases arrested juveniles are taken to detention centers where they will be interviewed by the intake worker as they await trials. The role of the intake worker is to find the reason for the minor behavior and to determine whether the case should be dismissed, go for full trial or handle by the social worker and the family (Elrod and Ryder, 2011). Most of the status offence cases are informally settled or are dismissed after the hearing. In some cases, the intake worker may decide that the case proceed to full trial and forwards the information to the prosecutor. In such a situation, parents and the juveniles have full rights to legal representation as well as the right to hear any pending charges (Elrod and Ryder, 2011). They also have a right to attorney whom they are assigned in case they cannot afford one . Unlike in adult criminal cases, youthful offenders cannot be made to testify against themselves and therefore the prosecutor must prove beyond reasonable doubt that they committed the crimes. Similarly, the prosecutor must present convincing evidence and the offenders have the right to respond to the evidence. The offenders also have the right to question the witnesses. However, juveniles cannot be exposed to jury trials and their files are sealed or kept private (Elrod and Ryder, 2011). In addition, court proceedings for the minors are held separately from the adult court rooms. In case the minor offenders are found guilty of their acts they are not sentenced directly. Instead they face another hearing where the probation officer takes the opportunity to prepare finer details of the juvenile background. During this stage, various tests are done such as drug tests, alcohols tests, learning disabilities as well as mental health checks. With all the detailed reports the sentencing h earing then begins. During the sentencing hearing, the judges have the obligation take into account the effects of the offender’s crime on the immediate family members (McCord et al., 2001). Sentencing There are many sentences open to the judges. The most commonly used are probation, fines, use of correctional facility or foster homes, community service, social skills classes and mental health programs. Many occasions, judges use a combination of these treatments. The worst sentence the judge can offer to the delinquent juvenile is confinement to the secured reform facility (Elrod and Ryder, 2011). The minor is confined in the facility for the duration of the entire sentence. The reason being they resemble the adult prison facilities. Since the juvenile offenders are sentenced to these confinements for serious crimes, they normally remain in these facilities until the age of eighteen. However, most states recommend that juvenile courts keep control over the offenders even aft er eighteen years. In some states violent offenders are transferred to adult prisons especially when they are at least sixteen years of age. Status offence should be maintained The creation of juvenile justice framework has been applied to protect the younger people from both future and present injuries. Despite many arguments for the reformation of status offence, those who support reformation lack proper understanding of the development and decision making of the adolescent. Right from its origins, juvenile justice system has represented many varying disciplines including the judicial, psychological, and medical disciplines in the determination of appropriate treatment for status offenders. Arguably, the ascertained evidence forms a just ground for juvenile offences. It would appear absurd to make a move that will interfere with the delivery of appropriate justice to these offences as subsequent arguments on the most common offences suggest. Running away Running away from parental custody exposes a child to very unpredictable environment which always works against his/her proper development (Steinhart, 1996). Most of these children have suffered constant sexual and physical abuse, alcohol and drug abuse as well as other violent family environments. However, it is not just for them to consider running away as the only solution since they have no resources to enable them live alone. The situation is heightened by the fact that many runaways have ended up being homeless which materialize to be a big problem to them. These children are surrounded by higher risks for health and emotional problems as the situation drags them to health counteracting behaviors such as drug use and sexual activities. Indeed, there are laws established to protect runaway children and remove them from harmful situations. For many years the enactment of National Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act has resulted in many programs being developed to counteract the runaway offenc e before it becomes too dangerous for the child. The programs are in place to assist the youths who might be acting against their will. More important are the rules that do not allow any child to free parental custody in an effort to protect these delicate lives. All these legal efforts have considered the welfare of the children based not only on protecting the young ones from the present harm, but even the future. There is no good evidence that abolishing the runaway offence would reduces the offences or promise a better future as the critics tend to argue. School absenteeism One of the best and long-term gifts the parents and the state would give to a child is proper education. Young children are not conscious about the importance of going to school and are everybody’s responsibility to see them through their schooling career. Truancy or absenteeism from school with no proper reason is an offence that a child should be punished for in order to secure his/her future. In fac t long-term studies have revealed the relationship between the offence and delinquency in later years (Elrod and Ryder, 2011). Victims also exhibit antisocial behaviors, acquire low status jobs, and their working trend is unstable. While these factors reveal the importance of completing the school life continually, there is an intrinsic call for everyone to save these children and a pity to those who present individualized reasons to abolish the offence. Furthermore, the government has established detailed policies that prohibit the young ones from committing the crime. Most people are aware of the impacts of these laws in shaping the life of the children and thus shaping the future of the country. The regulations achieved the initial purpose that led to their establishment and saw all children out of the labor market, integrated immigrants, and afforded children protection from the dangers of the workplace and streets. So far, the regulations have allowed children to further in edu cation which also benefit the society when the cohort of intellectuals is added. With such achievements, it beats logic to think of abolishing an offence whose regulations enhance the welfare of the whole community. Sexual behaviors Young people have many places that they can get knowledge from apart from schools. And the teenage being a period of social growth, adolescents are constantly learning from life experiences as well as from their environments. Unlike the adults, these young people do not possess the necessary experience to behave on their own. Therefore, the sexual behavior offense is contained in the legal system in order to protect the children from unintentional mistakes that can affect their future. This is an age when the important body changes take place and is a challenge to cope with the situation emotionally. According to experts, the unstable emotions lead some teenager to come up with decisions regarding sexual behaviors (Elrod and Ryder, 2011). To their disadv antage they are emotionally not prepared to understand the full impacts that sex may pose and they automatically need help from the adults and the government to evade the consequences. The adolescence age is also the period for moral development and the youths constantly learn the relationship with others and the family. This stage of moral development is imperative to ensure the youths maintain social order. As they approach maturity, the young people feel the bond with the society and develop a personal moral code. While this stage is important in shaping the young people, they become more prone to other external influences. It reaches a time that the parents’ supervision cannot carry the weight of the child and status offence becomes the best control for the child from entering into sexual behaviors. One impact of teenage sexual behavior is teenage pregnancy. Present statistics indicate that ten percent of teenage girls are pregnant, reason being their inability to make pr oper decisions and plan contraception adequately (Ventura andHamilton, 2011). Early pregnancy exposes the mother to health risks as their bodies are not fully developed to bear a baby to full-term. Emotional immaturity also leads to high suicide rates for pregnant teenage mothers. Accompanying the health risk is the failure to institute a healthy social life as well as economic independence. Early pregnancy will automatically divert psychological and self-knowledge independence to the child and interpersonal relationship completely lacks in both sexes. Similarly, there are appropriate regulations regarding the sexual behavior are developed in the best manner to protect the children from adverse effect from their immature decisions. They protect them from being violated by rapists and child molesters. These rules also give the parents and guardians a responsibility to protect their children from sexual behaviors. There is an appropriate law that prohibits adolescents from sexual beha viors and thus protecting them from adverse effects described earlier. Although a large number of cases are about two consenting teenagers, the regulations attempt to protect them from emotional and physical trauma. Everybody acknowledges the importance of these regulations, but many miss the understanding that they only exist because of the defined status offence. Abolishing or transforming will affect these cherished regulations. Alcohol consumption Alcohol consumption by adolescent has raised a fierce debate in relation to status offences. The present regulations do not allow any youth to consume any kind of alcoholic beverage until the age of 21 years. There are very many reasons that the status offence and the associate regulations should be maintained. First, the skills to make decisions are not fully developed until the age of 18 years and may even extend well beyond that age. Teenage is a period of emotional change as a result of physical, social, and emotional influences. D uring this time, the child encounters confusion and feelings of loneliness and may end up in a faulty decision to consume alcohol. The period is also an important window for the surfacing of behavioral problems that persist in life. Evidence from studies suggests that youths who start to consume alcohol at an early age are likely to become users later in life (Elrod and Ryder, 2011). Thus, the law which is defined b the status offence acts to protect the children and the society from future acts of delinquency and should be maintained. Conclusion and future directives Status offences are justified and must not be abolished from the legal system. The juvenile justice system from its early conception has always provided for and protected the children. Status offences are just a demonstration of this responsibility to serve and protect the young people. Despite much criticism that the system should rethink on how to handle status offences, the established regulations entail guidelines for different disciplines. With respect to the discussed reasons, it becomes clear that the status offence should be maintained in the future to help, protect, and serve the youths. With the enacted regulations and empirical evidence, our juvenile legal framework has achieved much of its aims to fairly protect the children. References Elrod, Preston and Ryder Scott. 2011. Juvenile Justice: A Social, Historical and Legal Perspective. Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning Hess, Kà ¤ren M. 2009. Juvenile Justice. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. McCord, Joan, Wisdom, Spatz and Nancy Crowell. 2001. Juvenile crime, juvenile justice. Washington DC: National Academies Press. Moore, Lawrence, V. 2003. Juvenile crime: current issues and background. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Publishers. Steinhart, David. 1996. â€Å"Status offence†. The Juvenile Court 6 (3):86-99. Tiffany, Rose. 2011. Juvenile Justice and the Status Offense: A Justification for the Current System. Web. Ventura, Stephanie and Hamilton Brady. 2011. U.S. teenage birth rate resumes decline. NCHS Data Brief, No.58. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db58.pdf This term paper on Juvenile Justice and status offence: enforcement, sentencing and prosecution was written and submitted by user August Watson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.